G Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell membrane. Suppose that at a certain ratio of [ A ] inside to [ A ] outside , the Δ G for the transport of substance A from outside the cell to the inside, A outside → A inside , is − 14.1 kJ/mol at 25°C. What is the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside?

The ozone molecule o3 has a permanent dipole moment of 1.8×10−30 cm. although the molecule is very slightly bent-which is why it has a dipole moment-it can be modeled as a uniform rod of length 2.5×10−10 m with the dipole moment perpendicular to the axis of the rod. suppose an ozone molecule is in a 8000 n/c uniform electric field. in equilibrium, the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field. but if the molecule is rotated by a small angle and released, it will oscillate back and forth in simple harmonic motion. what is the frequency f of oscillation?