What do astronomers use to calculate the age of the universe? Select three options.

The answers are

The age of the oldest stars

How fast distant galaxies are moving away from us

Patterns of background radiation.

Explanation:

The Astronomers calculate the age of the universe by looking for oldest stars, and by measuring the rate of expansion of the universe and back to big bang.

The Astronomers used the techniques like the age of oldest stars, how fast the distant galaxies are moving away from us, patterns of background radiation and along with the Big Bang as reference point, they estimate that the universe may be approximately 12 billion years old.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.