Arrange the following elements in order of increasing first ionization energy.

Mg, Al, Si, P, S

The answer to your question is  Al, Mg, Si, S, P

Explanation:

First ionization energy is the energy necessary to remove an electron from an atom in a gaseous form.

Element           First ionization energy (kJ/mol)

Magnesium              737.7  

Aluminum                 577.5

Silicium                    786.5

Phosphorus              1011.8

Sulfur                        999.6

Order:   Al, Mg, Si, S, P

the ideal gas law equation is as follows

pv = nrt

where p - pressure

v - volume

n - number of moles

r - universal gas constant

t - temperature

so if the pressure, volume and temperature are already known

we are left with n and r

since r is the universal gas constant that has a known fixed value then r too is known

so we are left with 'n'

once we know temperature volume and pressure

we can find the number of moles of gas present using the ideal gas law equation

this is not my own answer, this is an answer for the same question by the user blahblahmali. i do not claim ownership of this account.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.