The following reaction has the thermodynamic values at 298 K: ΔH° = -136.9 kJ/mol and ΔS° = -120.6 J/mol K. Calculate ΔG° at 298 K for this reaction in kJ/mol (Enter your answer to four significant figures.):

at 298 K is -101.0 kJ/mol

Explanation:

According to thermodynamic of state,

where, , , T and represent change in free energy in standard state, change in enthalpy in standard state, temperature in kelvin scale and change in entropy in standard state.

Here, , T = 298 K and

So,

              = -101.0 kJ/mol

So, at 298 K is -101.0 kJ/mol

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

answer : a model is often used to explain and make things easier to understand when any scientific topic needs to be demonstrated and explained.

as in this case where a scientist wants to use a model to present the results of his detailed scientific investigation. he should do it as it will him to make the audience understand the concept in a much better way. also, it can be changed according to new scientific understandings.