Think of Earth's shape. How does the shape of Earth affect the amount of heat different
areas receive?

The Earth is an oblate spheroid which is more elongated along the equator.

Regions along the equator receives more amount of direct sunlight from the sun causing higher temperatures along the region. While places along the poles receives less amount of heat since heat is scattered in a larger area due to the shape of the Earth around the poles.

Explanation: So places along the equator experiences higher temperature due to the direct hit of sunlight. And places along the polar regions experiences cooler temperature since it receives less amount of sunlight.

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be

that tool would be a compass