Chemistry, 07.03.2020 05:14, spdesch2558

Calculate the amount of energy (in kilojoules) needed to heat 346 g of liquid water from –10 °C to 182°C. Assume that the specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g · °C for liquid and that the specific heat of steam is 1.99 J/g · °C.

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answered: joel4676

Answer : The amount of heat required is, $1.16\times 10^6J$

Solution :

The process involved in this problem are :

$(1):H_2O(s)(-10^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(s)(0^oC)\\\\(2):H_2O(s)(0^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(0^oC)\\\\(3):H_2O(l)(0^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(100^oC)\\\\(4):H_2O(l)(100^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(100^oC)\\\\(5):H_2O(g)(100^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(182^oC)$

The expression used will be:

$\Delta H=[m\times c_{p,s}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})]+m\times \Delta H_{fusion}+[m\times c_{p,l}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})]+m\times \Delta H_{vap}+[m\times c_{p,g}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})]$

where,

$\Delta H$ = heat required for the reaction

m = mass of ice = 346 g

$c_{p,s}$ = specific heat of solid water or ice = 2.09J/g^oC

$c_{p,l}$ = specific heat of liquid water = 4.184J/g^oC

$c_{p,g}$ = specific heat of gaseous water = 1.99J/g^oC

$\Delta H_{fusion}$ = enthalpy change for fusion = 333J/g

$\Delta H_{vap}$ = enthalpy change for vaporization = 2260J/g

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

$\Delta H=[346g\times 2.09J/g^oC\times (0-(-80))^oC]+346g\times 333J/g+[346g\times 4.184J/g^oC\times (100-0)^oC]+346g\times 2260J/g+[346g\times 1.99J/g^oC\times (180-100)^oC]$

$\Delta H=1.16\times 10^6J$

Therefore, the amount of heat required is, $1.16\times 10^6J$

answered: Guest

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.

answered: Guest

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".

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Calculate the amount of energy (in kilojoules) needed to heat 346 g of liquid water from –10 °C to 1...