The aggregation of nonpolar molecules or groups in water is thermodynamically due to the .

A. increased entropy of the water molecules.
B. decreased enthalpy of the system.
C. very strong van der Waals forces among the nonpolar molecules or groups.
D. increased entropy of the nonpolar molecules when they associate.

A. Increased entropy of the water molecules.

Explanation:

Entropy is the quantitative measure of disorder or randomness in a system or element. In thermodynamics, entropy or hydrophobic effect is the free energy change of water enclosing a solute. Hence the existing negative free charges enhances the effect of hydrophilicty hence the aggregation of non-polar molecules.

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation: