In the pre-lecture we saw that FT-IR spectroscopy probes molecular vibrations, treating the molecule like a series of masses on springs. In this model, the spring constant k is related to the strength of the bond. The equation describing the vibrational frequency of a mass-spring system is:

v= 1/ 2π √K/μ

Where v is the vibrational frequency, k is the spring constant and u is the reduced mass. From this justify the following trend in IR absorptions for alkyl halides.

Bond Absorption Position(cm^-1)
C-F 1000-1400
C-Cl 600-800
C-Br 500-600
C-l 500

the tides are influenced by both the moon and the sun, it's easy to see that when the sun lines up with the moon and the earth, as during a new moon or full moon, the tidal effect is increased. these are known as spring tides, named not for the season, but for the fact that the water "springs" higher than normal. on the other hand, if the sun and the moon are 90 degrees apart in relation to an observer on earth as during the first quarter moon or third quarter moon, then high tides are not as high as they normally would be. this is because despite its greater distance, the sun's mass allows it to exert enough gravitational force on the oceans that it can negate some of the effects of the moon's pull. this phenomenon of lower high tides is called a neap tide. if you need more information on this topic visit moonconnection.com.

"standard molar enthalpy:

h2o ( liquid water ) : - 285.8 kj/mole

h2o ( water vapor ) : - 241.8 kj / mole.

δhrxn = - 241. 8 - ( - 285.8 )= -241.8 + 285.8 = 44.0

answer: 44.0 kj"