Using real world examples, describe how changes in temperature, volume and pressures effect the behavior of a gas according to the following laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law.

There are three laws that explain the behaviour of ideal gases:

1) Boyle's law:

"For a constant mass of ideal gas kept at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the gas volume"

Mathematically:

where

p is the pressure of the gas

V is its volume

An example of application of Boyle's law is in the gas inside a syringe: if we block the nozzle of the syringe, and we push on the other side, we compress the volume of the gas inside; as a result, we notice that it becomes more and more difficult to push the other side of the syringe: this is because the pressure of the gas inside is increasing, due to Boyle's law.

2) Charle's Law:

"For a constant mass of an ideal gas kept at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is proportional to its absolute temperature"

Mathematically:

where

V is the volume of the gas

T is its absolute temperature (in Kelvin)

An easy example of application of Charle's law is a helium balloon. If we fill a balloon with helium gas, then we bring the ballon to another place with lower temperature, we notice that the balloon shrinks: this is because the temperature of the gas has decreased, and therefore the volume of the balloon decreases as well. Vice-versa, if we bring the balloon to a warmer place, it expands: the temperature has increased, and therefore the volume increases as well.

3) Gay-Lussac's law:

"For a constant mass of an ideal gas kept at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is proportional to its absolute temperature"

Mathematically:

where

p is the pressure of the gas

T is the absolute temperature of the gas (in Kelvin)

An example of Gay-Lussac's law in daily life is a canister containing gas. The canister has a fixed volume, so does the gas inside. If the canister is placed above a flame, heat is transferred to the gas inside the canister: as  result, the temperature of the gas increases. According to Gay-Lussac's law, the pressure increases as well: therefore, at some point, the pressure of the gas will be large enough to break the canister, which will then explode.

answer: a tank of height h is filled with water and sits on the ground. water squirts from a hole at a height y above the ground and has a range r. for two y values, 0 and h, r is zero. determine the value of y for which the range will be a maximum.

explanation:

acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. instead, it is more likely to weaken the trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil. the main atmospheric pollutants that affect trees are nitrates and sulphates.