Write the formula of the conjugate base for the following acids: Acid Conjugate base (a) HNO2 (b) H2SO4 (c) H2S (d) HCN (e) HCOOH

                     Answers are in the examples of Conjugate Base.

Explanation:

                    Conjugate Acid is a specie which is formed when a base abstract or picks a proton (H⁺).

Example:

               NH₃  +  HCl   →  NH₄⁺  +  Cl⁻

In this example Ammonia (NH₃) is a base which after reacting with acid forms the conjugate acid (NH₄⁺).

                    Conjugate Base is a specie which is formed when an acid looses / donates its proton (H⁺) to a base.

Example:

(a)

               B  +  HNO₃   →  BH⁺  +  NO₃⁻

In this example HNO₃ (Nitric Acid) is the acid which on reaction with base forms the conjugate base ( NO₃⁻) called nitrate.

(b)

               B  +  H₂SO₄   →  BH⁺  +  HSO₄⁻

               B  +  HSO₄⁻   →   BH⁺  +  SO₄⁻

In this example H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric Acid) is the acid which on reaction with base forms the conjugate bases ( HSO₄⁻ and SO₄⁻) respectively.

(c)

               B  +  H₂S   →  BH⁺  +  HS⁻

In this example H₂S (Hydrogen Sulfide) is the acid which on reaction with base forms the conjugate base HS⁻.

(c)

               B  +  HCOOH   →  BH⁺  +  HCOO⁻

In this example HCOOH (Formic Acid) is the acid which on reaction with base forms the conjugate base HCOO⁻ called formate ion.

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation: