If data are from a trusted source and the results are validated by multiple tests, the evidence supporting a scientific claim is?
a. subjective
b. reliable
c. pseudoscience
d. objective

Reliable; it has been proven to be right in multiple tests, therefore it is a solid data

Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

Particle exchange energy though elastic collision , hope this .