The radius of a lithium atom is 130 picometers, and the radius of a fluorine atom is 60 picometers. the radius of a lithium ion, li⁺, is 59 picometers, and the radius of a fluoride ion, f⁻, is 133 picometers. explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why the radius of a lithium ion is smaller than the radius of a lithium atom.

A positive ions is always smaller than the corresponding atom.

A negative ion is always larger than the corresponding atom.

Explanation:

The reason for this is that, when a positive ion is formed, a full shell is usually removed with its electrons thereby reducing the size of the electron cloud and decreasing the size of the electron cloud.

A negative ion is formed by addition of more electrons to the electron cloud hence it spreads out. Interelectronic repulsion accounts for the larger size of the negative ion.

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be