Name the major functional groups found in organic molecules. describe the basic structure of each functional group and outline the chemical properties of the organic molecules in which they occur.

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Explanation:

The main or fundamental organic functional groups are;

(1). CARBONYL GROUP: A carbonyl group is being represented as -c=o. It is an organic functional group that consist of a carbon atom bonded doubly to an oxygen. The simplest carbonyl are the aldehydes and ketones. Carbonyl group properties is due to their electronic structure and also, their geometric positioning.

(2). THE HYDROXYL GROUP: a hydroxyl group is consists of one hydrogen attached to one oxygen atom. Hydroxyl group can be written as -OH. Hydroxyl group can be found in alcohols and carboxylic acids. A hydroxyl group increases the ECL value of a fatty acid greatly and also they are polar.

(3). METHYL GROUP: It consist of three hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom. The methyl radical(CH3),the methyl cation (CH3^+), and the methyl anion (CH3^-) are transient intermediates in many chemical reactions.

(4). PHOSPHATE GROUP: phosphate group is of chemical formula PO4^-3 in chemical compound. It consists of one phosphorus attached to four oxygen atoms. Phosphate groups are also found in the genetic material DNA and RNA.

(5). AMINO GROUP: The amino group is represented by NH2. Amino group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

(6). CARBONYL GROUP: A carboxyl group consist of an oxygen atom i doubly bonded to a carbon atom which in turn iis also bonded to an hydroxyl group, —OH. The whole atoms is called a carboxyl group , represented by (COOH).

a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.

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