Energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.
charging
electrical
olonization
electron

Cobalt-60 is an artificial radioisotope that is produced in a nuclear reactor and is used as a gamma-ray source in the treatment of certain types of cancer. if the wavelength of the gamma radiation from a cobalt-60 source is 1.00 × 10-3 nm, calculate the energy of a photon of this radiation.

Hot air balloons float in the air because of the difference in density between cold and hot air. in this problem, you will estimate the minimum temperature the gas inside the balloon needs to be, for it to take off. to do this, use the following variables and make these assumptions: the combined weight of the pilot basket together with that of the balloon fabric and other equipment is w. the volume of the hot air inside the balloon when it is inflated is v. the absolute temperature of the hot air at the bottom of the balloon is th (where th> tc). the absolute temperature of the cold air outside the balloon is tc and its density is ďc. the balloon is open at the bottom, so that the pressure inside and outside the balloon is the same. as always, treat air as an ideal gas. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.

Schrodinger and heisenberg developed an alternate theory about atomic nature that contradicted some of bohr's model of the atom. how do changes resulting from new technology and evidence affect the reputation of the atomic theory?