Identify the intermediate in the halogenation of alkanes. a) anionb) cationc) radicald) dimer

Option C - Radical

Explanation:

A radical is a chemical specie carrying a lone electron. In the halogenation of alkanes: take Methane CH4 as the alkane, and Chlorine Cl as the halogen.

The step by step halogenation process is as follows:

CH4 + Cl2 --> CH3• + HCl + Cl•

CH3• + Cl2 --> CH3Cl + HCl

CH3Cl + Cl2 --> CH2Cl2 + HCl + Cl•

CH2Cl2 + Cl2 --> CHCl3 + HCl

CHCl3 + Cl2 --> CCl4 + HCl + Cl•

Chlorine molecule attack methane knocking off an hydrogen atom from it and forming a methyl radical (CH3•), that is subsequently attack by another chlorine molecule. This cycle repeats itself, until no hydrogen atom is available for substitution by the highly reactive chlorine radical.

Note: no cation or anion is formed in the halogenation process

increased stability in the completion of fluorine's outer shell.

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