The air in an inflated balloon (defined as the system) is warmed over a toaster and absorbs 130 j of heat. as it expands, it does 78 kj of work. what is the change in internal energy for the system?

-77870 J is the change in internal energy for the system.

Explanation:

According to the first law of thermodynamics:-

Where,  

U is the internal energy

q is the heat

w is the work done

From the question,

q = + 130 J  (+ sign as the heat is being absorbed)

(negative sign as work is done by the system)

So,

-77870 J is the change in internal energy for the system.

the millers tale is the answer.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.