According to vsepr theory, in which fashion will the bonds and lone pairs of electrons be arranged about the central atom in the following molecules or molecular ions?

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shape must be one of above: linear, octahedral, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, trigonal planar

1. o3 molecule (the central atom is o.) ? ?

2.pcl4+ ion (the central atom is p.) ? ?

3. seo2 molecule (the central atom is se.) ? ?

Much of the general structure and physical properties of the interior of the earth are inferred from: a)deep oil and gas bore holes b)geologic investigations c)analysis of seismic waves d) study of volcanoes

7. using your knowledge of colligative properties explain whether sodium chloride or calcium chloride would be a more effective substance to melt the ice on a slick sidewalk. use 3 – 4 sentences in your explanation. 8. when a 2.5 mol of sugar (c12h22o11) are added to a certain amount of water the boiling point is raised by 1 celsius degree. if 2.5 mol of aluminum nitrate is added to the same amount of water, by how much will the boiling point be changed? show all calculations leading to your answer or use 3 – 4 sentences to explain your answer. 9. if 5.40 kcal of heat is added to 1.00 kg of water at 100⁰c, how much steam at 100⁰c is produced? show all calculations leading to an answer. 10. the freezing of water at 0⁰c can be represented as follows: h2o (l) ↔ h2o(s) the density of liquid water is 1.00 g/cm3. the density of ice is 0.92 g/cm3. in 3 – 4 sentences explain why applying pressure causes ice to melt.

How many mmols of tris-hcl are there in 100 ml of a 100 mm tris-hcl buffer solution at ph 8.1? note that the 100 mm refers to the sum of tris and tris-hcl concentrations?