Mutations in genes encoding cell signaling proteins contribute to many cancers. for example, a chromosomal translocation fuses the bcr gene to the abl gene, leading to a constitutively active bcr–abl kinase and chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). cml is successfully treated with the drug imatinib (trade name gleevec), which mimics an abl kinase substrate and thus inhibits kinase activity. what normal cell molecule, and kinase substrate, does gleevec mimic?

Imatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor. The BCR-ABL kinase can phosphorylate a series of downstream substrates, leading to proliferation of mature granulocytes. Bcr-Abl kinase substrate is the tyrosine. The Protein Tyrosine Kinase activity is an important requirement for malignant transformation, and that it cannot be complemented by any downstream effector, though not all interactions of BCR-ABL with other proteins are phosphotyrosine dependent.

in 1783 cavendish was working with his hydrogen gas and found that when he burned it and condensed the vapor it was water. this was very significant since it disproved the greek theory of elements completely since water was not a simple substance but the product of two gases. it was lavoisier who hearing of the experiment gave cavendish's gas the name hydrogen ("water-producer") and added that hydrogen burned by combining with oxygen and that water was a hydrogen-oxygen combination.

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