Chemistry, 24.11.2019 02:31, rileybaby34

In the following series indicate which one of the species is the smallest. au, au+, au 2+, au 3+

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answered: sydchann5220

$\rm Au^{3+}$ would likely be the smallest.

Explanation:

In this question, $\rm Au$ likely represents a gold atom.

$\rm Au^{+}$ , $\rm Au^{2+}$ , and $\rm Au^{3+}$ are gold ions. The plus sign in the superscript shows that these ions are positive. In other words, each is formed when a $\rm Au$ atom loses one or more electrons. The number shows the charge on each of these ions. That's the same as the number of electrons that the $\rm Au$ atom needs to lose before forming this ion. The charge on $\rm Au^{3+}$ is more positive than that on the other two gold ions. As a result, each $\rm Au^{3+}$ ion contains fewer electrons than each of the other two ions.

Consider the electron-cloud model of an atom or an ion. The nucleus is very small and doesn't take up much space. The atom or ion takes space mainly because of the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus. The nucleus attracts the valence electrons and pulls them inwards. At the same time, the electrons repel each other.

For the same $\rm Au$ nucleus (attractions on the electrons stay the same,) as the number of electrons decreases, the size of the repulsion decreases. As a result, for a series of ions or atoms with the same nucleus, the one with the smallest number of electrons will take up the least space. All four choices involve the $\rm Au$ nucleus. However, since each $\rm Au^{3+}$ particle contains the least number of electrons, it would also be the smallest.

answered: Guest

pop pop pop on a opp

answered: Guest

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

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In the following series indicate which one of the species is the smallest. au, au+, au 2+, au 3+...