Consider a particle that has two states: bonded to a surface, or non-bonded (released). the nonbonded state is higher in energy by an amount ε0. (a) explain how the ability of the particle to bond to the surface contributes to the heat capacity, and why the heat capacity cv = ∂hei ∂t v depends on temperature. (b) compute the heat capacity cv in units of n k if t = 300 k and ε0 = 1.2 kcal/mol, which is about the strength of a weak hydrogen bond in water.

a corroding iron, if that's one of your choices

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.

yes the answer is total mass in unchanged   : )