Choose the aqueous solution below with the lowest freezing point. these are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't hoff factors where applicable. choose the aqueous solution below with the lowest freezing point. these are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't hoff factors where applicable. 0.075 m kno2 0.075 m licn 0.075 m (nh4)3po4 0.075 m nai 0.075 m nabro4

(NH₄)₃PO₄ has  the lowest freezing point.

Solution properties are the properties of a solution that don't depend on the type of solute but only on the concentration of the solute.

Solution properties of electrolyte solutions differ from non-electrolyte solutions because electrolyte solutions contain a greater number of particles because electrolytes break down into ions. So the Solution properties of electrolytes is greater than non-electrolytes.

The term is used in the Solution properties

that is, the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent

Solutions from volatile substances have a higher boiling point and lower freezing points than the solvent

ΔTb = Tb solution - Tb solvent

ΔTb = boiling point elevation

Kb = molal boiling point increase

Kf = molal freezing point constant

m = molal solution

For electrolyte solutions there is a van't Hoff factor = i

i = 1 + (n-1) α

n = number of ions from the electrolyte

α = degree of ionization, strong electrolyte α = 1

so the freezing point formula becomes:

All solutions in the problem have molal concentration (0.075 m) and the same solvent -> assuming water (The same ) so that what affects the value of is the value of i

Assuming the degree of electrolyte ionization α= 1, the magnitude i is determined by the number of ions produced by the electrolyte (n)

KNO₂ ---> K⁺ + NO₂⁻ → 2 ions

LiCN ---> Li⁺+ CN⁻ → 2 ions

(NH₄)₃PO₄---> 3 NH₄ + + PO₄ ³⁻ → 4 ions

NaI ---> Na⁺ + I⁻ → 2 ions

NaBrO₄ ---> Na⁺ + BrO₄⁻ → 2 ions

(NH₄)₃PO₄ has the highest number of ions, so it has the highest and the lowest freezing point.

colligative properties

link

Raoult's law

link

The vapor pressure of benzene

link

The freezing point of a solution

link

link

link