Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when
a. potassium ions exit the neuron during the repolarization phase of an action potential
b. they are pumped by proteins that require atp hydrolysis and when the electrical charge gradient repulses or attracts them
c. simple diffusion operates after active transport has been permanently halted by being poisoned proteins leak out of a neuron
d. sodium ions enter a neuron during the depolarization phase of an action potential

B. they are pumped by proteins that require ATP hydrolysis and when the electrical charge gradient repulses or attracts them

Explanation:

Hello,

Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when they are pumped by proteins that require ATP hydrolysis and when the electrical charge gradient repulses or attracts them because active pumping moves ions against their chemical concentration gradients and the Nernst equation describes how membrane potentials can yield electrical gradients to motivate ion movement.

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answer: the value of enthalpy change will be -152.80 kj.

solution:

pressure = 1atm , temperature = = 298 k

given that pressure and temperature are same in both gases , the number of moles of both gases can be determined by the ideal gas equation.

according to reaction 3 moles no are reacting with 1 mol of ,then 0.49 mol of no will react with moles of ozone that is 0.16 moles of ozone. since, no is limiting reagent and is an excessive reagent.

enthalpy change for the reaction between the given volumes of the gases is :

the electron configuration that you gave me has 16 electrons ergo it has 16 protons ergo it is the element sulfur.