How many valence electrons does chlorine have ?

Chlorine has seven valence electrons.

Explanation: Chlorine has the atomic number of 17. The atomic number is an number of protons that present inside of the nucleus of an atom. All of the the atoms of an element have all of the same atomic number. Also, in every stable atom the number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons that it has.

nanotechnology is a powerful tool in biomaterials research as it creates numerous possibilities for the engineering of functional molecules. nano-bio refers to projected ability to incorporate biomimicry into various materials at nanoscale.  

answer: the rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature.

increase in temperature, increases the molecular/particles speed (kinetic energy. diffusion means movement of particles through the material.

generally, the heavier the particle the more it interacts with the environment and more the temperature matters. so higher temperature results in higher diffusion.