Aparty shop delivers helium-filled balloons to homes and businesses. the owners realize from experience that on hot summer days they should inflate the balloons only three quarters full. on cold winter days they can fully inflate the balloons. which of the following is the best hypothesis to explain this observation?

a. air outside the balloons leaks into the balloons
b. the helium gas is more active in the winter season
c. as the temperature increases, the helium in the balloons expands.
d. outdoor air pressure in the summer is less than indoor air pressure

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

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