Activity b:
temperature and
molecular motion
get the gizmo ready
. click reset, and select the micro view
set ice volume to o cm
• set add/remove heat energy to o jis
question: why do phase changes occur?
1. compare: set the water temperature
click reset set the water temperatu
perature to oc and click play observe the water molecules
ater temperature to 100 °c and click play again
what do you notice?
observe: click reset. the mean mol
.. below the container. set the "
400 j/s. click play.
the mean molecular speed of the water molecules is displayed
e container. set the water temperature to 0 °c and add/remove heat energy to
a how does the mean speed of the water molecules change as they are heated?
b. does the mean molecular speed change as much as the temperature as the
water heats up? explain.
3. explain: how is temperature related to the motions of molecules?
4. observe: click reset. set the water temperature to 20 °c and the ice volume to 50 cm?
set add/remove heat energy to 0 j/s. click play. how do the molecules in the liquid
interact with the molecules in the solid?
(activity b continued on next page) phase changes gizmo i have ap notes

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The answer to your question really depends on three things: how much water you have, how cold it is to start out, and how cold the things around it are. water actually freezes when it gets to 32 degrees fahrenheit (0 degrees celsius), but the time it takes to get there may be different.  let's start with the first. if you take two glasses, and fill one with a tiny bit of water, and the other about halfway, then put them both in the freezer, the one with less water will freeze first (you can try this at home, but i recommend using plastic cups and not glass ones).  now let's move on to the second part. let's say you have two glasses, and you fill one with really cold water that has been in the refrigerator, and the other with really hot water from the sink. if you put both of them in the freezer, the one that started out colder will freeze first.  for the third part, let's imagine that you have two glasses with the same amount of water in them, and the water is at the same temperature. imagine putting one outside on a really really cold day in georgia, and having a friend in alaska put one outside on the same day. since it would be so much colder in alaska, the glass of water there would freeze before yours.  so, if you took a tiny bit of really cold water in a glass, and put it outside on a cold day in alaska, it would freeze a lot faster than a big glass of hot water outside on a cold day in georgia. 

Ithink that the use of creativity in the sciences entails that one produce something out of nothing or from another thing. with this, i think that the he wrote down his results as four parts of the atomic theory is the manifestation of the  creativity of john dalton.