The proton-proton chain (a) combines two hydrogen nuclei to produce a single helium nucleus and energy.(b) splits a helium nucleus to produce 4 hydrogen nuclei and energy.(c) is the mechanism that increases the temperature between the photosphere and corona of the sun.(d) is the interactions between protons in earth's atmosphere that produces auroras.(e) produces energy in the core of the sun in the form of gamma-rays, positrons, and neutrinos.

The ozone molecule o3 has a permanent dipole moment of 1.8×10−30 cm. although the molecule is very slightly bent-which is why it has a dipole moment-it can be modeled as a uniform rod of length 2.5×10−10 m with the dipole moment perpendicular to the axis of the rod. suppose an ozone molecule is in a 8000 n/c uniform electric field. in equilibrium, the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field. but if the molecule is rotated by a small angle and released, it will oscillate back and forth in simple harmonic motion. what is the frequency f of oscillation?