This problem reinforces the concepts of phase equilibria for pure substances. (a) use steam table data to calculate the gibbs energy of 1 kg saturated steam at 150°c, relative to steam at 150 c and 50 kpa (the reference state). perform the calculation by plotting the volume data and graphically integrating. express your answer in kj. (note: each square on your graph paper will represent [pressure volume] corresponding to the area, and can be converted to energy units.) (b) repeat the calculations using the tabulated enthalpies and entropies. compare your answer to part (a) (c) the saturated vapor from part (a) is compressed at constant tand 1/2 kg condenses. what is the total gibbs energy of the vapor liquid mixture relative to the reference state of part (a)? what is the total gibbs energy relative to the same reference state when the mixture is completely condensed to form saturated liquid? (d) what is the gibbs energy of liquid water at 600 kpa and 150°c relative to the reference state from part (a)? you may assume that the liquid is incompressible.

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).

the answers are

c and c