Calculate the ionic strength of the following solutions containing 50 mm nacl, 1 mm aic13, 1 mm a12(so4)3.

50 mM NaCl     I = 0.05 M

1 mM AICl₃        I = 6 × 10⁻³ M

1 mM Al₂(SO₄)₃ I = 0.02 M

Explanation:

Ionic strength (I) is a measure of the concentration of ions in solution and can be calculated with the following expression:

I = 1/2 ∑Ci × Zi²

where,

Ci is the molarity of each ion (molarity of the salt × number of each ion in the salt)

Zi is the charge of each ion

50 mM NaCl

NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻

I = 1/2 [C(Na⁺) × Z(Na⁺)² +  C(Cl⁻) × Z(Cl⁻)² ]

I = 1/2 [50 × 10⁻³ M × (+1)² +  50 × 10⁻³ M × (-1)² ]

I = 0.05 M

1 mM AICl₃

AICl₃ → Al⁺³ + 3 Cl⁻

I = 1/2 [C(Al⁺³) × Z(Al⁺³)² +  C(Cl⁻) × Z(Cl⁻)² ]

I = 1/2 [1 × 10⁻³ M × (+3)² +  3 × 10⁻³ M × (-1)² ]

I = 6 × 10⁻³ M

1 mM Al₂(SO₄)₃

Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 2 Al⁺³ + 3 SO₄²⁻

I = 1/2 [C(Al⁺³) × Z(Al⁺³)² +  C(SO₄²⁻) × Z(SO₄²⁻)² ]

I = 1/2 [2 × 10⁻³ M × (+3)² +  3 × 10⁻³ M × (2-)² ]

I = 0.02 M

each  column  of the  table  is called a group. elements in a group share similar properties. groups are  read  from  top  to  bottom. metal. metalloid. nonmetal. solid. liquid. gas. fe. hg. o.  2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.  2. beryllium. 9.012. 4.  sodium. 22.990.  11. 3.  magnesium. 24.305.  12.  potassium. 39.098.  19. 4.  calcium. 40.078.  20. i guess  i