Select the correct statement (2.5 points) (a) s-orbitals are spherical in shape. (b) p-orbitals are dumbbell in shape. (c) s-orbitals have lower energy than p-orbitals (d) all of the above.

The correct option is: (D) All of the above

Explanation:

An atomic orbital is the three-dimensional space or region around the nucleus of an atom, where the probability of finding an electron is maximum.

The s-orbitals are the atomic orbitals that have azimuthal quantum number, l = 0. These atomic orbitals have spherical shape and symmetry.

The p-orbitals are the atomic orbitals that have azimuthal quantum number, l = 1. These atomic orbitals have a dumbbell shape.

The atomic orbitals that are closer to the nucleus, have lower energy. Therefore, we can say that the s-orbitals are lower in energy than the p-orbitals.