Students in a science class are designing an experiment to test how heat affects the kinetic energy of gas molecules. the students will add different amounts of thermal energy to three closed containers of gas.
labels:
amount of thermal energy added
type of gas used
size of container
speed of gas molecules

identify the independent and dependent variable. not all labels will be used.

! : )

Independent variable -  Amount of thermal energy added

dependent variable - speed of gas molecules

Explanation:

The independent variable is the variable that does not change during the experimental. It is that variable that causes  a specific change in the experimental frame work.

   In the setup above, the amount of thermal energy added is the independent variable.

The dependent variable is that variable that results from the action of the independent variable. It is the effect of applying some specific measures in an  experiment.

  In the setup above, we are examining how heat affects the kinetic energy of gas molecules. Kinetic energy has a lot to do with motion of the particles of system. Therefore, the speed of the gas molecules is the dependent variable.

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.

what is the question here. i think you messed up.