Atype of animal-derived tissue is being ground in a bead mill to recover a pharmaceutical enzyme. it was estimated that 3000 joules of energy was used to reduce the average particle size of the tissue from 1 mm to 0.5 mm. predict the amount of energy needed to further reduce the particle to 0.1 mm. assume that this grinding process follows (a) rittinger’s law, (b) kick’s law

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.

a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.