What is a new hypothesis that has replaced an older explanation in the natural world?

Can someone me with 3 and 4 plz. this is for masteries test.

Calculate the mass of carbon in 97.0 g of sucrose c12h22o11

Under what conditions will a gas be most likely to exhibit the ideal gas properties predicted by the ideal gas law? 1)high pressures and high temperature, because particles are forced closer together with higher kinetic energy, so intermolecular forces of attraction are weaker 2)high pressure and low temperature, because particles are forced closer together and moving slower, so the volume of the particles is less significant 3) low pressure and high temperature, because particles are spread farther apart and moving faster, so the intermolecular forces of attraction are weaker 4)low pressure and low temperature, because particles are spread farther apart with lower kinetic energy, so the volume of the particles is less significant