What volume (in microlitres) of a 200m stock solution of a primer (molecular weight = 7.3 kda) would you need to include in a 100ul pcr reaction to achieve a final concentration of primer of 300nm?

150 × 10⁻⁹ μL

Explanation:

Data provided in the question:

Molarilty of the stock solution, M₁ = 200 M

Final Volume of the solution, V₂ = 100 μL = 100 × 10⁻⁶ L

Final concentration, M₂ = 300 nM = 300 × 10⁻⁹ M

Now,

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

where,

V₁ is volume of the stock solution

Thus,

200 × V₁ = 100 × 10⁻⁶ × 300 × 10⁻⁹

or

V₁ = 150 × 10⁻⁹ μL

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.