How do laboratory tools improve the observations made by a scientist?

Explanation:

Tools, instruments, apparatus are very key to research works carried out in the laboratory. The more sophisticated they become, the more efficiency they provide in making ground breaking researches.

Over the years, technological advancement has afforded scientists with new way of achieving precision and accuracy in their procedures by developing cutting edge facitlities. These equipment can help carry out better experiment  and make observations simple and easy to do.

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.