(4) calculate the % of a compound that can be removed from liquid phase 1 by using one to four extractions with a liquid phase 2. assume that k = 2 and the volume of phase 2 equals to 50% that of phase 1.

One extraction: 50%

Two extractions: 75%

Three extractions: 87.5%

Four extractions: 93.75%

Explanation:

The following equation relates the fraction q of the compound left in volume V₁ of phase 1 that is extracted n times with volume V₂.

qⁿ = (V₁/(V₁ + KV₂))ⁿ

We also know that V₂ = 1/2(V₁) and K = 2, so these expressions can be substituted into the above equation:

qⁿ = (V₁/(V₁ + 2(1/2V₁))ⁿ = (V₁/(V₁ + V₁))ⁿ =  (V₁/(2V₁))ⁿ = (1/2)ⁿ

When n = 1, q = 1/2, so the fraction removed from phase 1 is also 1/2, or 50%.

When n = 2, q = (1/2)² = 1/4, so the fraction removed from phase 1 is (1 - 1/4) = 3/4 or 75%.

When n = 3, q = (1/2)³ = 1/8, so the fraction removed from phase 1 is (1 - 1/8) = 7/8 or 87.5%.

When n = 4, q = (1/2)⁴ = 1/16, so the fraction removed from phase 1 is (1 - 1/16) = 15/16 or 93.75%.

smooth muscle is composed of involuntary muscles found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. those muscles push materials like food or blood through organs. unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle can never be under your control.