Choose the species below which would be paramagnetic in its ground state. a. cl ob. ca 0 ca2+

Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A paramagnetic specie is defined as the specie that contains atleast one unpaired electron.

As, atomic number of chlorine is 17. So, its electronic configuration is as follows.

  Cl :

Atomic number of calcium is 20 and its ground state electronic configuration is as follows.

    Ca :

Electronic configuration of is as follows.

    :      

Therefore, out of the given options only Cl in its ground state contains one unpaired electron.

Hence, we can conclude that out of the given species Cl is paramagnetic in its ground state.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.