6. under standard-state conditions, what spontaneous reaction will occur in aqueous solution among the ions ce4+, ce3+, fe3+, and fe2+? calculate ∆go and k for this reaction. (8 points)

ΔG° = -80.9 KJ

Assuming this reaction takes place at room temperature (25 °C):

K=

Explanation:

1) Reduction potentials

First of all one should look up the reduction potentials for the species envolved:

→         E°red=1.61V

→         E°red=0.771V

2) Redox pair

Knowing their reduction pontentials one can determine a redox pair: one species must oxidate while the other is reducing. Remember: the table gives us the reduction potential, so if we want to know the oxidation potential all that has to be done is reverce the equation and change the potencial signal (multiply to -1).

1)   reduces while   oxidates

  (oxidation)               →          E°oxi=-0.771V

  (reduction)               →         E°red=1.61V

  (overall equation)    → E°=Ereduction + Eoxidation= 1.61 v+(-0.771 v) = 0.839v

The cell potential can also be calculated as the cathode potencial minus the anode potential:

E° = E cathode - E anode =1.61 v - 0.771 v=0.839 v

3) Gibbs free energy and Equilibrium constant

ΔG°=-nFE°, where 'n' is the number of electrons involved in the redox equation, in this case n is 1. 'F' is the Faraday constant, whtch is 96500 C. E° is the standard cell potencial.

ΔG°=-nFE°=-1*96500*0.839

ΔG° = - 80963 J = -80.9 KJ

The Nerst equation gives us the relation of chemical equilibrium and Electric potential.

E=E°-

Where 'R' is the molar gas constant (8.314 J/mol)

It's known that in the equilibrium E=0, so the Nerst equation, at equilibrium, becomes:

E°=

Isolating for 'K' gives:

This shows that 'K' is a fuction of temperature. Assuming this reaction takes place at room temperature (25 °C):

K=

in scientific notation, the value of the  speed of light in a vacuum

  will be written as 2.995 * 10^8. when this value is represented in the form of

  a * 10^b, then, a = 2.995 and b = 8.

the value of the speed of light in a vacuum given above can also be rounded up to approximately 300000000. in this case, the scientific notation will be written as 3 *10^8.

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".