Which of the following processes are spontaneous? i. dissolving more solute in an unsaturated solution ii. dissolving more solute in a saturated solution iii. dissolving more solute in a suspersaturated solution

I. dissolving more solute in an unsaturated solution

Explanation:

A saturated solution is the solution which contains maximum concentration of solute dissolved in solvent.

However, if the solution is being provided with energy (heating) , it will dissolve more heat and the solution that cannot even dissolve more solute after heating is super saturated solution.

Both saturated and supersaturated solutions have maximum of their capacity to dissolve the solute and hence further energy requires energy and these processes are non-spontaneous.

An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute easily and thus is a spontaneous process.

the millers tale is the answer.

given:

mass of na = 115 g

excess cl2

to determine:

mass of nacl produced

explanation:

given reaction is-

2na(s) + cl2(g) → 2nacl(s)

since cl2 is in excess, na will be the limiting reagent

as per the reaction stoichiometry na: nacl = 1: 1

i.e. moles of na reacted = moles of nacl formed

now, # moles of na = mass of na/atomic mass

                                  = 115 g/23 g.mol-1 = 5 moles

therefore, moles of nacl = 5

molar mass of nacl = 58 g/mol

mass of nacl = 5 moles * 58 g.mol-1 = 290 g

ans: amount of nacl produced = 290 g