Draw the structure of a compound of molecular formula c4h8o that has a signal in its 13c nmr spectrum at ≥ 160 ppm. then draw the structure of an isomer with no rings of molecular formula c4h8o that has all of its 13c nmr signals at < 160 ppm.

1. Butyraldehyde; 2. but-3-en-1-ol

Explanation:

1. Peak ≥ 160 ppm

The formula C₄H₈O shows that the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency = 1.

It could be caused by either a ring or a double bond.

A peak at ≥ 160 ppm strongly indicates a C=O group, so the rest of the molecule can contain no rings or double bonds.

There are no other heteroatoms, so the compound most be an aldehyde or a ketone.

One compound that meets these criteria is butyraldehyde, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=O (see Fig. 1.)

2. No rings; all peaks < 160 ppm

If all peaks are < 160 ppm, there can no C=O group.

There is no ring, so there must be a C=C double bond.

There is no other unsaturation, so the O atom must be present as an alcohol or an ether.

One compound that meets these criteria is but-3-en-1-ol, CH₂=CHCH₂CH₂OH (see Fig. 2).

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.