4.2 g of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (250.37 g/mol) were synthesized by reacting 10.4 ml of t-butyl alcohol (mw 74.12 g/mol, d 0.79 g/ml), 25 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (mw 98.08 g/mol, d 1.84 g/ml), and 5.6 g of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (mw 138.17 g/mol) together. calculate the percent yield of this reaction.

Percentage yield of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene is 41.40%.

Explanation:

Here, in the reaction sulfuric acid is playing the role of catalyst by donating its proton in initial stage of the reaction and in the end of the reaction the proton is returned back to sulfuric acid.

Mass = Density × Volume

Mass of t-butyl alcohol =

Moles of t-butyl alcohol  =

Moles of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene =

According to reaction 2 mol of  t-butyl alcohol reacts  with 1 mol of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

Then 0.11084 moles of t-butyl alcohol will react with :

of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

This means that moles of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene are limited and moles of t-butyl alcohol are in excess.So, the moles of product will depend upon the moles of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

According top reaction 1 mol of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene gives 1 mol of  1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene.

Then 0.04052 moles of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene will give:

of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene.

Mass of 0.04052 moles of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene:

0.04052 mol × 250.37 g/mol = 10.144 g

Percentage yield:

Percentage yield of 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene:

Experimental yield = 4.2 g

Theoretical yield = 10.144 g

n has four pairs of electrons in the valence shell, electrons repel one another ,n has 7 protons in its nucleus, and since n has 7 protons, it must fill the second shell, giving it 4 pairs of electrons. the electrons form 3 bonds and 1 lone pair of electrons. each pair of electrons repels the other pairs, so they are equally far apart.

so all of the above