Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is not true?
a. soaps form micelles in solution.
b. the hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
c. the hydrophobic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
d. the hydrophilic end is ionic.

The answer is B. the hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.

Explanation:

That answer is wrong because soap and detergent form a bilayer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.

the hydrophilic end interacts with polar compound such as water because that end is ionic and charged, it is composed of carbon and Oxygen and forms dipole interaction and electrostatic interactions.

the hydrophobic end is the non polar end, it is composed of carbon and hydrogen chain (Hydrocarbon) which are non-polar due to equal electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen.

that is why answer B is not true, the hydrophilic end does not have the hydrocarbon chain, the hydrocarbon chain is on the hydrophobic end.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.