Part c what is the entropy change of the environment for each process? express your answer in terms of the variables n and appropriate constants. enter your answers separated by a comma.

Hot air balloons float in the air because of the difference in density between cold and hot air. in this problem, you will estimate the minimum temperature the gas inside the balloon needs to be, for it to take off. to do this, use the following variables and make these assumptions: the combined weight of the pilot basket together with that of the balloon fabric and other equipment is w. the volume of the hot air inside the balloon when it is inflated is v. the absolute temperature of the hot air at the bottom of the balloon is th (where th> tc). the absolute temperature of the cold air outside the balloon is tc and its density is ďc. the balloon is open at the bottom, so that the pressure inside and outside the balloon is the same. as always, treat air as an ideal gas. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.

Astudent made a graph plotting the progress of a reaction over time. the student forgot to label the y-axis of the graph. a graph is shown with two graph lines. one graph line starts at a higher position on the y axis and slopes downwards towards the right. the other graph line starts at a lower position on the y axis and slopes upwards towards the right. the two graph lines stop short of intersecting each other and continue as separate lines which gradually become straight and parallel to the x axis. a vertical line is shown at a point where the two graph lines finally became parallel to the x axis. this vertical line is labeled equilibrium. the title on the x axis is time and an arrow pointing towards the right is shown above time. the title on the y axis is left blank. what best explains the label that the student should use on the y-axis? amount, because as the amount of product decreases, the amount of reactant increases over time. reaction rate, because forward and backward reaction become equal at equilibrium. amount, because the amounts of reactants and products become constant after equilibrium is reached. reaction rate, as the rate of forward reaction increases and rate of backward reaction decreases over time.

Cryolite, na3alf6(s), an ore used in the production of aluminum, can be synthesized using aluminum oxide. start this question by first balance the chemical equation.1.) balance the equation: - alo3(s)+naoh(l)+hf(> na3alf6+h2o(g). 2.) if 17.5 kilograms of al2o3(s), 51.4 kilograms of naoh(l), and 51.4 kilograms of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced? 3.)which reactants will be in excess, (al2o3, naoh, or hf) 4.)what is the total mass of the excess reactants left over after the reaction is complete in kg?