Classify each process by its individual effect on the entropy of the universe,
1 - a process run infinitesimally slowly at equilibrium and reversed to it's original state
2 - solid and liquid water combined together at stp
3 - motion of a frictionless pendulum
4 - titration of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
5 - ice melting to water above the melting point
6 - sublimation of naphthalene (mothballs)

a saline water is fed to a reverse osmosis unit at flow rate o rotameter connected to reject (retentate) line reads 8 installed in reject and permeate line reads 15.2 milli siemens/cm and 300 micro siemens/com respectively.

the enthalpy of formation of water is given as -285.8kj/mol, which states that the enthalpy of formation is negative.

negative enthalpy of formation indicates that the heat is released during the reaction process. the heat is released from reaction to the surroundings the enthalpy is expressed with a negative sign with the energy given out in the reaction process.

the formation of water takes place by giving out heat which is -285.8 kj/mol.