Predict the sign for as for each of the following systems: water freezing water evaporating crystalline urea dissolving assembly of the plasma membrane from individual lipids. assembly of a protein from individual amino acids.

 1.  Water freezing : is -ve.

2. Water evaporating : is +ve.

3. Crystalline urea dissolving : is +ve.

4. Assembly of the plasma membrane from individual lipids: is -ve.

5.  Assembly of a protein from individual amino acids: is -ve.

Explanation:

Entropy is defined as the measurement of degree of randomness in a system.

It is represented by symbol S and we can only measure a change in entropy which is given by .

If there is decrease in randomness , the sign for is -ve and If there is increase in randomness , the sign for is +ve.

1.  Water freezing: Entropy decreases as we move from liquid state to  to solid state and thus is -ve.

2. Water evaporating : Entropy increases as we move from liquid state to  gaseous state and thus is +ve.

3. Crystalline urea dissolving : The molecules convert from solid and ordered state to aqueous phase and random state. Thus the entropy increases and thus is +ve.

4. Assembly of the plasma membrane from individual lipids:  random lipids are associating to form a single large polymer and thus entropy decreases and thus is -ve.

5. Assembly of a protein from individual amino acids: random amino acids are associating to form a single large polymer and thus entropy decreases and thus is -ve.

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml