Based on its location in the periodic table, what can most likely be predicted about phosphorus?
it has three valence electrons available for bonding.
it has three nonbonding electrons.
it has five valence electrons available for bonding.
it has five nonbonding electrons.

It has 5 valence electrons available for bonding.  The noble gas configuration of phosphorus is [Ne]3s²3p³ showing that phosphorus has 5 valence electrons (2 in the s orbital and 3 in the p orbital).
I hope this helps.  Let me know in the comments if anything is unclear.

For cyclohexane compounds drawn in a chair conformation:   -axial bonds are vertical  -equatorial bonds are parallel to two bonds within the ring.  thus, as i assume the chair conformation is drawn:   -the x group is in an axial position, as are the five other vertical bonds.  -three axial bonds are on the top face of the ring  -the other three axial bonds are on the bottom face  the position of the second substituent on each ring carbon is equatorial.  gauche groups must be on an adjacent carbon such as carbon 6 and carbon 2, and also gauche groups are rotated by 60 degrees relative to each other.  drawing the newman projections for c1–c2 and c1–c6 aids in visualizing the groups that are gauche to the y group on c1.  click this link and watch some academic videos that may you more understand the topic