Chemistry, 09.12.2019 22:31, tevaughn06

Sun earth and moon. describe the relationship the sun earth and moon have when examining moon phases from earth and space.

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The Moon phases depend directly on the position of the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun. The Moon is always half lighted and half dark. The part that is light is the part that is facing the Sun, while the part that is dark is the part that is not facing the Sun. From the space, it will depend on the position from which the Moon is observed in what kind of a phase it would be. From the Earth, it depends on how the Moon is positioned towards the Earth and how towards the Sun, so we might see only a fraction that is light, half of it (which practically is a quarter), or all of it (which practically is half), thus observing certain phase of it in certain part of the month.

answered: Guest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.