Atoms of metallic elements tend

The answer is: lose electrons and form positive ions.

Most metals have strong metallic bond, because of strong electrostatic attractive force between valence electrons (metals usually have low ionization energy and lose electrons easy) and positively charged metal ions.

The ionization energy (Ei) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the valence electron, when element lose electrons, oxidation number of element grows (oxidation process).

For example, magnesium has atomic number 12, which means it has 12 protons and 12 electrons. It lost two electrons to form magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) with stable electron configuration like closest noble gas neon (Ne) with 10 electrons.  

Electron configuration of magnesium ion: ₁₂Mg²⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.  

the mantle

explanation:

earth is divided into three layers: the crust or the outermost layer on which we live; the underlying, middle layer - the mantle - and the core (the innermost layer of earth).