This is a portion of the earths surface that may be far from tectonic plates boundaries yet experiences volcanism due to a rising mantle plume or some other cause

You need to divided twenty four by a dozen them by the temperature it is getting cook by

Reaction involved in present system is :   c12h22o11 + h2o → 2 c6h12o6the reaction system is obeying following rate law:   rate = k[c12h22o11]thus, it is a first order reaction.now, for 1st order reactionrate constant (k) =  given: initial conc. = 3.0 g, final conc. = 2.7 g, t = 2.5 h∴rate constant (k) =  ∴ k = 0.04215 h-1now, for 1st order reaction, half life = 0.693/k = 0.693/0.04215 = 16.4 hthus correct answer is option b