Can someone me? how can you tell if a bond is covalent?

At 20°c, a sample of h2o liquid and a sample of co2 gas each have the same average kinetic energy. why is one a liquid and the other a gas at this temperature?

Cryolite, na3alf6(s), an ore used in the production of aluminum, can be synthesized using aluminum oxide. start this question by first balance the chemical equation.1.) balance the equation: - alo3(s)+naoh(l)+hf(> na3alf6+h2o(g). 2.) if 17.5 kilograms of al2o3(s), 51.4 kilograms of naoh(l), and 51.4 kilograms of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced? 3.)which reactants will be in excess, (al2o3, naoh, or hf) 4.)what is the total mass of the excess reactants left over after the reaction is complete in kg?

We are hoping to create 5.72 grams of glucose. the plant was given 4.75 liters of co2 and 2.81 g of h20. which reactant was the limiting reagent? how much excess mass did we have of the other reactant?