Rutherford's research was primarily involved with: electron distribution defining the components of nuclei using electromagnetic energy

Answer is: defining the components of nuclei.

Rutherford theorized that atoms have their charge concentrated in a very small nucleus.

This was famous Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment: he bombarded thin foil of gold with positive alpha particles (helium atom particles, consist of two protons and two neutrons).  

Rutherford observed the deflection of alpha particles on the photographic film and notice that most of alpha particles passed straight through foil.

That is different from Plum Pudding model, because it shows that most of the atom is empty space.

Rutherford conducted research that led to the first splitting of the atom in a nuclear reaction.

8 m/s because for him to get the same amount of energy as ray is putting out, bobby, who weighs half as much as ray, needs to run twice as fast.

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be